Here, we present chest radiography and computed tomography (CT) findings for three cases of mediastinal and pleural gossypiboma. Radiological manifestations varied according to the locations and chronicities of the gauze sponges and the types of reactions that they caused. CT analysis readily diagnosed gossypibomas in the early postoperative period by showing well-defined mediastinal- or pleural-based masses with hyperdense rims and central air bubbles. However, one patient presented in the late postoperative period, and a CT scan revealed a well-defined, solid pleural mass that was devoid of air bubbles; a correct diagnosis could not be established and the patient had to be reoperated on. Radiologists should be aware of different manifestations of this rare condition in cases of prior thoracic surgery and persistent respiratory symptoms.

Keywords: foreign bodies , surgical sponge , complication , computed tomography, X-ray , thorax